Internet Television

Internet Television

Camera Test

1. What are 2 effects of increasing video gain? (Answer: it allows more light, but makes the image quality more grainy)
2. What should the shutter speed usually be set to? (Answer: 50)
3. When should you increase shutter speed and what is the side effect? (Answer: you should increase the shutter speed if you want to convert the video into slow motion in post production, and the side effect is it makes the picture quality much better, but need more light)
4. What is the purpose of doing a white balance? (Answer: it allows you to get the correct colour on your video)
5. What is the effect of increasing the audio gain? (Answer: makes the sound louder when recording, but may distort it)
6. Describe the stages of focusing a camera. ( 1. click the focus button, 2. zoom into your subjects hair or eyes, 3.  manually focus or press auto focus, 4. press)
7. Why would you use the ND filter? (Answer: if where your shooting outside, in bright conditions)
8. If You are shooting in a dark location, would the exposure be better at F1 or F8? (Answer: F1)

Aspect Ratio

Aspect Ratio

What is aspect ratio?

-          Aspect ratio is the different screen sizes on TV and Projectors, there is 4:3 (standard screen) and there is 16:9 (wide screen).

Images from - http://a248.e.akamai.net/pix.crutchfield.com/graphics/infolib/homelib/widescreen.jpg

-          We have different aspect ratios, but 16:9 (widescreen) came around in the last decade, despite films being filmed in 16:9 (widescreen) for about 50 years now.

Pan and Scan

-          Pan and Scan is the format used to change a 16:9 (Widescreen) to 4:3 (standard screen) so people with 4:3 TVs can watch films shot in 16:9. Directors and film makers say that when 16:9 is converted to 4:3 you lose the full effect of the film.

 

http://www.mediacollege.com/video/aspect-ratio/images/panscan-02.jpg

-          By panning and scanning you’re not getting the full movie, and miss parts of the movie, with may leave you confused.

 Pillar boxing and Letterboxing

-          Pillar boxing is when you have a video which is filmed or broadcasted in 4:3 (standard screen) to 16:9 (widescreen) TV. This means you get to black, grey bars either side of the 4:3 video on your TV.  Images from -  http://img.skitch.com/20081125-gnfshpthn96y4ysqrtywwt1yfd.jpg

 TV Motion & Pixels

-          Motion – In the UK there are 25 frames per second with makes a moving picture (video).

-          Pixels – are tiny squares that form together to make an image. The more pixels the better quality image on photographs or video.

-          TV – Is made up of hundreds of horizontal scan lines, which make up every single frame.

UK Broadcast Systems

There are several broadcast television systems in the UK

Satellite

There are five major components involved in satellite TV.

Programming source – are the channels that provide programming for broadcast.

Broadcast centre – is the central hub of the system. At the broadcast centre, the TV provider receives signals from various programming sources and beams a broadcast signal to satellites.

Satellites – receive the signals from the broadcast station and rebroadcast them back to Earth.

Household Satellite dish  – picks up the signal from the satellite and passes it on to the receiver in the viewer's house.

The satellite receiver – processes the signal and passes it on to a standard TV.

In the UK today, there are two main satellite broadcast companies Sky (Monthly Subscription) and Freesat (Freesat is a satellite service created by the BBC & ITV, it allows you to view Free to air satellite TV channels a bit like 'Freeview' accept you receive much more channels. It requires a Freesat box and a One-off instalment payment)

Image - http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/satellite-tv-4.jpg

Cable

Cable television is a system of providing television to consumers via radio frequency signals transmitted to televisions through fixed optical fibres or coaxial cables. Not everyone can receive cable TV, because the cable has to be already run in your street, if its not in your street you cannot get it. The major UK cable providers where NTL and Telewest, before merging together and re branding as Virgin Media, so virgin is the only company you can go with. The advantages of cable is great picture quality, interactive TV, TV on demand and HD television, the disadvantages are that you get less channels compared to Sky, and that its not on every street.

Image - http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Media/Pix/pictures/2007/11/07/VirginMedia460.jpg

Terrestrial

Terrestrial television is the original form of TV broadcasting, it involves using radio waves to send signals to and from antennas or aerials. It was the only way to broadcast TV until the late 1900s, but it is not the best way to broadcast (today). The disadvantages with terrestrial is that you lose signal, interference with bad weather so picture quality distorts. Terrestrial TV uses bandwidth, which limits the signal transmitted causing less channels to be broadcast.

Image - http://blogs.voices.com/voxdaily/radio-tower-225.jpg

Digital

Digital broadcasting transmit several channels together on one bandwidth is replacing all analogue broadcasting by 2012 in the UK. This form of broadcasting comes with a lot of advantages for audiences, as it gives you a variety of free to air channels, interactive TV and has better picture quality (and High-Definition), its disadvantages is that not everywhere in the country can pick up signal, but most places can, it limits you to 40 channels. Freeview is the main free digital TV broadcasting company, as audience have to purchase a digital set top box (around £15) and an aerial.

Image - http://www.ksat.co.uk/assets/images/freeview-logo.gif

Internet Protocol Television

IPTV is one of the most recent forms of broadcasting. There are many TV companies that use internet for on demand shows and catch up, as well as websites like YouTube which broadcast shows from anyone most TV stations around the world. We can watch internet tv, thanks to broadband, and the shows are either streamed and buffered or downloaded. The advantages of internet TV is that you can catch up on shows, watch shows when you want, and watch shows from around the world. Another benefit is that internet TV is free to watch if you have access to the internet. Internet TV is free because most of the TV companies have advertisement on their website, before and during the shows you are watching just like you were watching it on TV. Disadvantages of internet TV is that you cannot skip adverts, you usually can’t watch shows from other countries due to legal rights, and shows have a time period with which they will be put on and taken off the internet. The major internet TV providers are 4OD, BBC iPlayer, ITV Player and YouTube shows.

Image - http://www.blackberrycool.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/bbc-iplayer.jpg